Definition of Thermal Conductivity
Thermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.
The relationship between transported heat per unit of time (dQ/dt or heat flow Q) and the temperature gradient (ΔT/Δx) through Area A (the area through which the heat is flowing perpendicularly at a steady rate) is described by the thermal conductivity equation.
Thermal conductivity is thus a material-specific property used for characterizing steady heat transport. It can be calculated using the following equation:
Where
a: Thermal diffusivity
cp: Specific heat capacity
ρ: Density
An overview of the thermal conductivity for various materials is shown in figure 2.
